A Guide to the Different Types of Convertible Tops

The earliest convertible vehicle with a power-operated retractable roof dates back to 1934 – the Peugeot 601 Eclipse. Nowadays, the term “convertible top” covers a much broader spectrum of car roofs, ranging from classic fabric soft tops to rigid, folding hardtops; each engineered to offer the perfect blend of style, protection, and ultimately, performance.

In this article, we’ll explore the defining features of each type of convertible vehicle, giving you a clear understanding of how each roof system works and which mechanisms are best suited to you!

What Are the Different Types of Convertible Tops?

Retractable Hard Tops

Retractable hard tops are comprised of rigid panels – typically steel, aluminium, or composite materials – that fold and stow away (usually into the rear of the vehicle) at the push of a button. When raised, they offer the solidity and insulation of a fixed roof, sealing out wind, noise, and weather far more effectively than soft tops. Modern designs use compact multi‑pivot linkages and hydraulic or electric actuators to smoothly transform the silhouette from coupe to convertible in under 30 seconds.

Pros of Retractable Hard Tops:

• Weather & Noise Protection: Rigid panels and seals keep the interior quiet and dry
• Security: Hard materials resist break‑ins better than fabrics
• Convenience: The roof retracts at the touch of a button

Cons of Retractable Hard Tops:

• Weight & Space: Mechanisms and panels add significant weight and consume space
• Speed: Generally slower cycle times (~20 to 30 seconds) versus soft‑tops (~7 seconds)
• Repair Needs: Hydraulic pumps, sensors, and motors mean more potential failures and complex repairs

Detachable Hard Tops:

Detachable hard tops are rigid roof panels engineered to be removed by hand and stored separately. They deliver the protection of a solid roof when installed, but require manual handling and external storage when removed. They are often made from fibreglass or composite shells lined with insulation, and they lock securely to the windshield header and rollover hoops for safety.

Pros of Detachable Hard Tops:

• Simplicity: No hydraulic or electric actuators, meaning fewer moving parts to maintain
• Performance: Lighter than full retractables, preserving handling dynamics
• Security & Insulation: Offers coupe‑like protection when fitted

Cons of Detachable Hard Tops:

• Storage Needs: Panels require a dry, secure space, often at home in the garage
• Effort: Heavier panels may need two people to lift safely
• No On‑The‑Fly Operation: You must stop, remove, and stow before enjoying the open air

Canvas Soft Tops

Canvas convertible tops are woven textiles – often acrylic‑coated cotton blends – designed with multiple layers for strength, UV resistance, and water repellency. They fold compactly, either manually or via an electric frame, making them ideal for sports cars and roadsters seeking minimal added weight. Proper underlining and frame geometry create a taut appearance, and high‑end fabrics can rival hard roofs in durability and looks.

Common Types of Canvas Soft Tops:

• Twillfast
• Twillfast II
• Twillfast RPC
• Stayfast Canvas
• Sonnendeck Canvas
• A5 German Sonnenland Canvas

Pros of Canvas Soft Tops:

• Weight & Packaging: Very light, allowing low rear intrusion and better balance
• Aesthetics: Rich texture, a variety of colours, and a classic profile
• Speed: Electric canvas tops can open/close in roughly 5 to 7 seconds

Cons of Canvas Soft Tops:

• Maintenance: Fabric needs regular cleaning, UV treatments, and water ingress prevention.
• Insulation: Thinner material means more interior noise and less thermal insulation.
• Security: Vulnerable to cuts or slashes if left unattended.

Vinyl Soft Tops

Vinyl convertible tops use a synthetic, PVC‑based exterior layer bonded to reinforcement fabrics. They mimic painted surfaces in sheen and can be embossed with patterns such as “grain” to add authenticity. While less refined than canvas, vinyl’s smooth surface sheds water quickly and simplifies cleaning routines. Historically popular on retro‑themed and luxury convertibles, modern blends improve flexibility and crack resistance.

Common Types of Vinyl Soft Tops:

• British Bison Vinyl
• British Everflex Vinyl (Twill Weave Vinyl)
• Haartz Pinpoint Vinyl
• Haartz Sailcloth Vinyl
• Haartz Twill Weave Vinyl
• Chrysler Sailcloth Vinyl
• Cabrio Grain

Pros of Vinyl Soft Tops:

• Affordability: Lower material and replacement costs than canvas
• Water & UV Resistance: Smooth finish repels rain and resists fading
• Ease of Care: Simple to clean using a vinyl soft top cleaner

Cons of Vinyl Soft Tops:

• Heat Retention: Can trap heat, warming the interior on sunny days
• Weight & Rigidity: Often requires bulkier mechanisms and larger stack space
• Durability: Prone to cracking or delaminating over time, especially in warm temperatures

Targa Tops

Targa tops feature a removable central roof panel above the driver and passenger, combined with a fixed rollover hoop and/or integrated rear window section. The design bridges the gap between a full convertible and a coupe, preserving structural stiffness while offering open‑air freedom. In some models, the top must be removed by hand, although many cars feature a mechanical removal system.

Pros of Targa Tops:

• Structural Integrity: Fixed rollover bar improves chassis rigidity and safety
• Iconic Styling: Distinctive look that blends coupe lines with open‑air flair
• Moderate Weight: Removable panels are lighter and easier to handle than full hard tops

Cons of Targa Tops:

• Partial Exposure: Doesn’t deliver the panoramic openness of a full convertible
• Storage Logistics: In some models, panels need safe storage separate from the car
• Cost: Additional reinforcements and bespoke mechanisms increase vehicle pricing

Factors to Consider When Choosing Convertible Top Materials

To choose the right convertible top for your needs, there are several factors to consider:

Aesthetics

• Canvas soft tops offer a classic, textured look with various colours and stitching
• Vinyl tops present a smooth, painted‑like finish that is desired by many people
• Retractable and detachable hard tops deliver a coupe‑style roofline when raised
• Targa tops balance both worlds, showing off an exposed roll bar and often featuring body‑matched panels for a sports car feel

Sound

• Canvas tops provide moderate sound dampening, but can let in sound on motorways
• Vinyl is denser than canvas, slightly reducing unwanted exterior noise
• Rigid hard‑top panels excel at blocking wind and road noise, creating a near‑coupe interior ambience
• Targa systems sit in between, offering better noise isolation than soft tops but not quite matching full hard‑tops

Maintenance & General Upkeep

• Canvas requires regular cleaning, UV treatments, and mildew checks; its layered construction demands care to prevent fabric degradation
• Vinyl is low‑maintenance – simple wipe‑downs and occasional protective applications – but can crack after prolonged heat exposure
• Hard‑tops need minimal exterior care, limited to seal inspections and hinge lubrication
• Targa panels share hard‑top simplicity, though locking latches and storage gaskets should be checked periodically

Cost

• Canvas tops are generally less expensive to replace or repair, followed closely by vinyl
• Detachable hard tops incur moderate costs, higher than soft tops but less than powered retractables
• Retractable hard‑tops are the priciest, given their complex motors and hydraulics
• Targa systems fall in the mid‑to‑high range, reflecting their bespoke panel design and structural reinforcements

Storage Environment

• Soft tops fare best in dry, shaded spaces to prevent UV fading and moisture buildup; garage parking is ideal
• Hard tops demand secure, covered storage when detached; retractables live on‑car, so exterior space and temperature extremes can affect mechanism longevity
• Targa panels need a clean, dry spot in the garage to avoid scratches and seal damage, unless they live on-car, which requires the vehicle to be safely stored

Weather & Outdoor Considerations for Soft Top Vehicles

Unlike hard top convertibles, soft top cabriolets require more consideration to ensure they stay dry and clean from outdoor conditions. Here are some of the biggest considerations:

Rain

Soft tops rely on fabric seals and taped seams to keep water out, so regular inspections for pinholes or worn stitching are crucial. Heavy or prolonged rainfall can test these seals, leading to leaks if the material has aged or the weatherstripping has hardened.

How to Prevent Rain Damage

After water exposure, leave the top up until fully dry to prevent mould and mildew growth. You should also ensure that your convertible top’s seals and stitching are in good condition

Cold

In freezing temperatures, folded soft top mechanisms can stiffen or become brittle, risking cracks in the fabric when operated. Rubber seals may harden, compromising their ability to keep out drafts and moisture.

How to Prevent Cold Damage

Avoid operating the top when it’s ice-covered; gently remove ice first and then warm the seals. Park in a garage or use a cover designed for cold weather to protect both fabric and seals.

Heat

Intense sun exposure accelerates UV‑induced fading and fabric fibre breakdown in canvas, while vinyl materials can soften and become tacky in extreme heat. Over time, the sun’s rays degrade coatings, reducing water repellency and colour vibrancy.

How to Prevent Heat Damage

When possible, park in shade or use a UV-blocking car cover to shield the top from direct sunlight. You should also apply a UV‑protectant spray to prevent cracking and preserve the top’s lifespan.

Dust, Dirt, & Debris

Loose particles abrade the fabric every time the top is raised or lowered, gradually thinning the weave and scratching glass or plastic windows. Debris trapped in seals can impair closure and lead to leaks or wind noise.

How to Prevent Dust, Dirt, & Debris Damage

Regularly brush off dust with a soft‑bristle broom before retracting the top, then gently rinse with water to keep the surface clean without damaging the material.

How to Keep Your Convertible Roof Clean

To keep your convertible vehicle looking as good as new, here’s what to do:

• Keep your car in a garage or under a carport to shield it from extreme weather conditions and UV rays
• Clean the top at least once a month with a mild, pH‑balanced cleaner to prevent dirt and pollutants from embedding in the material
• Remove bird droppings, tree sap, and oil spots as soon as you see them; these substances can damage the material if left too long
• Use a microfibre mitt and water; gently scrub with appropriate soft top cleaner, and avoid pressure washing!
• Apply a fabric or vinyl‑specific protectant every 3 to 6 months to restore UV resistance and water repellency
• Regularly check for worn weatherstripping, loose threads, or small tears; address any issues before they worsen
• After washing or rain, leave the top up so moisture can evaporate, preventing mould and mildew from building up

FAQs

Need a Service on Your Soft Top? Trust Cayman Autos

Regardless of the type of roof system your cabriolet uses, our team at Cayman Autos can help. Regarded as the UK’s No.1 soft top roof specialists, we have the expertise to handle any kind of issue with your convertible’s top, including problems that your local garage would shy away from.

To discuss your car and the issue(s) you’ve been experiencing, please contact our friendly team on 01737 761599.